CURRENT ISSUE – HIDRAULICA Magazine No. 4/2025
Advances in Membrane Adsorption Techniques for the Removal of Radioactive Materials
Authors: Ștefan ŢĂLU, Deniz ŞAHİN
Radioactive wastewater treatment is a critical environmental and operational challenge for nuclear power facilities, medical isotope production, and fuel-cycle activities. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of membrane processes, adsorption technologies, and hybrid membrane-adsorption systems for the efficient removal of radionuclides from complex wastewater matrices. The fundamental mechanisms governing radionuclide retention-including size exclusion, electrostatic interactions, surface complexation, and ion exchange-are examined to elucidate the performance of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and advanced engineered membranes. Special emphasis is placed on … (read more)
Experimental Study on the Fluorescent Oil-Film Method in Assessing the Impact of Surface Topology on Boundary Layer Separation
Authors: Alin Matei POPILIAN, Mihai-Alexandru CHIRIȚĂ, Raul SABĂU
Due to their shape, spheres possess poor aerodynamic properties, with air separating early, leading to an increase in pressure drag, and thus total drag. By introducing different topologies on the surface, the boundary layer separation can be delayed significantly, which can be correlated with a reduction of the total wake, and consequently with a reduction of both the pressure and the total drag. The present paper presents an experimental qualitative study conducted with the aim of exploring the capacity of the oil film visualization method to assess the aerodynamic effects of surface topology on blunt objects. Three spherical bodies, one with a smooth surface and the others with shallow and deep dimples, all of them coated with … (read more)
Artificial Intelligence in Biped Exoskeletons: An Integrated Review on Human Activity Recognition and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Mihaela RUSANOVSCHI, Galina MARUSIC, Gelu ONOSE, Iulian Sorin MUNTEANU, Diana MARUSIC, Andrei BRAGARENCO
The rapid advancement of robotics and intelligent systems has driven increased interest in the development of biped exoskeletons for medical, industrial, and assistive purposes. This review is motivated by the growing demand for adaptive and energy-efficient exoskeletons capable of mimicking human locomotion. The specific hypothesis of this review is that integrating artificial intelligence techniques significantly enhances the performance, personalization, and adaptability of bipedal exoskeleton systems. The objective of this review is to analyze AI-driven approaches in exoskeleton design and control, with a focus on … (read more)
Advances in Sensorics for Ecological Monitoring: Trends, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Author: Deniz ŞAHİN
Environmental monitoring plays a critical role in the sustainable management of natural resources and the protection of ecosystems. The integration of sensorics- the science and technology of sensors- with ecology offers advanced tools for real-time data collection, analysis, and decision-making. This review highlights recent developments in sensor technologies applied to ecological studies, including water quality monitoring, biodiversity assessment, habitat evaluation, and climate impact analysis. Special attention is given to the development of IoT-based sensors and smart monitoring networks, sensors, wireless sensor networks, and smart monitoring systems, which enable … (read more)
Analysis of the Limitations of Bivariate Methods for Estimating Design Floods and Proposal of the IIUNAM Method
Authors: Ramón DOMÍNGUEZ-MORA, Maritza ARGANIS-JUÁREZ, Faustino DE LUNA-CRUZ, Eliseo CARRIZOSA-ELIZONDO, Javier OSNAYA-ROMERO, Cristian LOPEZ-LEÓN, Juan AQUINO-ROMERO, Margarita PRECIADO-JIMÉNEZ
Starting from the evident idea that the design of the spillway, that is, the capacity of the spillway and the volume allocated for flood regulation, in dams where this volume is considerable, depends on the maximum discharge and the volume of the inflows entering the reservoir; a large number of studies have been developed based on the fitting of bivariate probability distribution functions for these two variables. This paper presents an analysis that provides arguments to support the authors’ opinion that the use of bivariate functions for the estimation of design floods in dams with considerable regulation capacity is … (read more)
Pedagogical Implications of Computer-Assisted Instruction in Reconfiguring Content for Soil Remediation Technologies
Authors: Bogdan V. CIORUȚA, Ioana-Elisabeta CIORUȚA, Gabriela-Ionela HEREȘ, Alexandru L. POP
This article examines the pedagogical implications of using Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) in the process of reconfiguring curricular content intended for training specialists in soil decontamination and remediation technologies. In the context of the complexity and rapid evolution of soil remediation methods, CAI offers significant opportunities for personalizing learning, simulating complex processes, and interactive visualization of phenomena. The article explores how digital tools can support the development of … (read more)
Control of Working Regime of Vibratory Roller in Compaction Process
Author: Carmen Nicoleta DEBELEAC
Road construction involves strict control methods regarding the quality of terrain compaction works (both soil and asphalt mixture). The paper presents systems for controlling the vibration characteristics for the working regime of vibratory roller compactors. Essential parameters (vibration amplitude, compaction energy, performance compaction, process efficiency) are highlighted that form the basis for calculating some compaction quality indicators used in algorithms for automatic control of the machine’s working regime in continuous correlation with the characteristics of the terrain under roller action. Hydraulic drive systems in vibratory drum compactors precisely control the frequency and amplitude of the drum vibrations, which … (read more)
The Impact of Directional Control Valves on Pneumatic Circuits
Authors: Edmond MAICAN, Tiberiu AXINTE, Cristian DRĂGAN, Elena Gabriela CURCĂ, Lidia CALANCEA, Mihai DIACONU, Camelia PASCU
The article presents the new trend in pneumatic circuits. It also presents two pneumatic circuits equipped with directional control valves. Since pneumatic installations with directional control valves offer numerous advantages in industrial environments—such as precise motion control, high speeds, and high force—they can be effectively used both as a working medium and as a control medium to facilitate various movements: rotational, linear, or rapid changes of direction in … (read more)
Green Infrastructure Solutions for Urban Flood Risk Mitigation in Secondary Streets
Authors: Maritza ARGANIS, Margarita PRECIADO, José Enrique GUTIERREZ-SANCHEZ
Urban flooding remains a major issue in densely populated cities, where conventional drainage systems often fail under extreme rainfall. This study uses 2D Saint-Venant hydrodynamic modelling to evaluate the impact of Green Infrastructure (GI) on surface runoff in secondary urban streets. Four scenarios were simulated, from fully impervious surfaces to layouts with vegetated strips and rain gardens. Results show that increasing vegetated area and surface roughness can reduce peak flow by up to 31%, velocity by 38%, and inundation extent by 42%, while delaying peak time by up to seven minutes. These findings highlight the hydraulic benefits of GI in … (read more)
Pedagogical Valences of Computer-Assisted Training in the context of Adaptive Ecological Management of Protected Areas
Authors: Ioana-Elisabeta CIORUȚA, Bogdan V. CIORUȚA, Gabriela-Ionela HEREȘ, Mirela-Ana COMAN, Alexandru L. POP
Effective ecological management of protected areas requires complex skills and data-driven decision-making. In this context, this article analyzes the pedagogical valences of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) in the training and development of specialists in the field. CAI, through tools such as dynamic simulations, GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Big Data analysis platforms, transforms the learning process from a theoretical and passive one to an interactive, practical and problem-solving one. The results of the literature review indicate that … (read more)