CURRENT ISSUE – HIDRAULICA Magazine No. 1/2026

Hidraulica no 1/2026Prompt-to-CAD: A Hybrid Self-Learning Natural Language Interface for Parametric Design Automation
Authors: Stelian-Florin BARDES, Iulian-Sorin MUNTEANU

This paper presents a self-learning natural language interface for Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems to bridge the gap between natural language input and parametric geometry creation. The system implements hybrid architecture, combining static command recognition, machine learning (ML) based coaching, and large language model (LLM) integration to optimize response times and enable repeated command execution without redundant Automated Protocol Interface (API) calls. The modular design separates code from materials and design rules libraries, enabling system capabilities extension without code update. 3DEXPERIENCE (3DX) implementation demonstrates … (read more)

Balancing the Vertical Feed Kinematic Chains by Means of Pressure Reducing Valves
Author: Anca BUCUREȘTEANU

This paper presents the mathematical models necessary for the design of the hydraulically balanced vertical feed kinematic chains. The hydraulic balancing solution that uses constant flow pumps and 3-way pressure reducing valves is explained. The basic hydraulic diagram, the mathematical models in static and dynamic mode and examples of similar units are shown. There are also highlighted both … (read more)

Highwaters Overspilling by an Energy Dissipator Top Discharger with Increasing Macrorugosities
Authors: Ioana-Andreea HORTOPAN, Gheorghe I. LAZĂR, Albert Titus CONSTANTIN, Șerban-Vlad NICOARĂ

The paperwork presents a discrete 1D numerical modeling of the local hydraulic phenomenon that takes place when water flows over a macrorugosity top discharger (steps spillway), corresponding to the transit of an accidental flood of known synthetic configuration. It describes the one-dimensional simulation procedure developed with the help of HEC-RAS v.6.0, software that can engage a new approach of numerical solving in 1D, namely based on the finite volume method. Along with the proposal to apply and go through a distinct computerized hydraulic modeling, its practical purpose is to establish the parameters of transient (unsteady) hydraulics on a concrete dam top discharger, provided with … (read more)

A Hydraulic and Control-Theoretic Perspective on Arterial Flow Regulation
Author: Fănel Dorel ȘCHEAUA

Blood vessels are modelled as compliant conduits within pulsation flow systems, hence their major ability is to actively regulate the diameter values, property which distinguishes them fundamentally from passive hydraulic pipes. This paper presents an interdisciplinary interpretation of vascular smooth muscle regulation based on calcium and magnesium ionic dynamics, framed using classical hydraulic theory and control systems terminology. The well known Calcium-driven contraction and magnesium-mediated relaxation are interpreted as competing actuation and damping mechanisms that modulate effective vessel radius and consequently … (read more)

Artificial Intelligence–Enhanced versus Traditional Hydrological Software for Double Gumbel Frequency Analysis
Authors: Margarita PRECIADO-JIMÉNEZ, Maritza ARGANIS-JUÁREZ, Rosalva MENDOZA-RAMÍREZ, Arturo LOPEZ-ZUÑIGA

Accurate characterization of hydrological extreme events is essential for safe hydraulic design. In Mexico, annual maximum values often exhibit bimodal behavior due to the combined effects of convective storms and tropical cyclones, which single-population models struggle to represent. This study compares conventional tools with AI-assisted methods for fitting the Double Gumbel distribution, which is well-suited for complex regimes. The analysis covers parameter estimation, numerical stability, and goodness-of-fit. Results show that hybrid approaches using genetic algorithms and AI outperform gradient-based techniques, achieving … (read more)

Comparative Analysis of the State of Resistance to Cavitation Erosion of Alloy 2017A Compared to Aluminum Alloys Type 5083, Type 6082 and Type 7075
Authors: Andreea Daniela BUZATU, Dorin BORDEAȘU, Ilare BORDEAȘU, Ion-Daniel DIȚOIU, Claudia-Amalia CIUREL, Maria-Alexandra PASCA, Laura Nicoleta ENARU, Brândușa GHIBAN

Surface erosion, by solid particles, or by the hydrodynamics of the cavitation phenomenon, reduces the service life and energy performance of parts such as turbine rotors, pumps, and steam propellers. In order to reduce the costs of using materials currently used in such parts, such as stainless steels and high-strength alloy bronzes, current research aims to use materials such as aluminum and its alloys, considered to have poor resistance to erosive stresses, especially cavitation. For this objective, volumetric heat treatments and surface structure hardening treatments were used, so that the resistance is one that, in relation to costs, offers advantage and confidence. Our work also falls into this direction, which highlights the effect of … (read more)

Comparing Water Quality Evaluations from a Fuzzy Model and a Multi-Parameter Model
Authors: Rosalva MENDOZA RAMÍREZ, Rodolfo SILVA, Karina SUÁREZ-ALCÁNTARA, Aníbal SOL BENÍTEZ, Ramón DOMÍNGUEZ MORA, Maritza L. ARGANIS JUÁREZ, Margarita PRECIADO JIMÉNEZ, Eliseo CARRIZOSA ELIZONDO

Water quality in Lake Zirahuén (Mexico) was evaluated using two conceptually different approaches: a classical multi-parameter Water Quality Index (NSF model) and a fuzzy logic–based model. Data from four monitoring sites and three sampling campaigns in 2018 were used, considering biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS). The NSF model produced WQI values close to 80/100, classifying the lake as acceptable except for sensitive organisms. In contrast, the fuzzy model yielded values near 50/100, frequently corresponding to the category only suitable for very resistant organisms. The fuzzy model also showed greater variability between … (read more)

Advanced Chemical-Engineered Biochar for the Simultaneous Removal of Toxic Heavy Metals and Complex Organic Pollutants from Water
Authors: Deniz ŞAHİN, Ștefan ŢĂLU

The co-occurrence of heavy metals and organic pollutants in aquatic environments has become a critical global concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and complex interactions in multi-contaminant systems. Conventional water treatment technologies often exhibit limited efficiency under simultaneous contamination conditions and may involve high operational costs or secondary pollution. In this context, engineered biochars (E-BCs)  has emerged as a promising multifunctional material for sustainable water remediation. This review comprehensively evaluates recent advances in the design, modification, and application of engineered biochar for … (read more)

Pedagogical Valences of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) in relation to Integrated Waste Management (IWM)
Authors: Ioana-Elisabeta CIORUȚA, Bogdan V. CIORUȚA, Gabriela-Ionela HEREȘ, Mirela-Ana COMAN, Alexandru L. POP

The transition to a circular economy in Romania faces significant challenges, requiring not only technological innovation but also a structural reform in environmental engineering education. This paper explores the pedagogical valences of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) as a strategic pillar in training specialists for Integrated Waste Management (IWM). We propose the “IWM-CAI 4.0” methodology, an experiential learning framework grounded in Scenario-Based Learning (SBL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The proposed methodology integrates professional software suites – such as SimaPro for Life Cycle Assessment, ArcGIS for spatial modeling, and STAN for material flow analysis – to bridge the gap between … (read more)

Numerical Study on the Dynamics of Hydraulic Systems Controlled by Proportional Valves
Author: Fănel Dorel ȘCHEAUA

In order to ensure efficiency in modern hydraulic actuation this study presents a numerical hydraulic actuation system analysis, using the numerical analysis method for modelling and simulation. The study aims to develop a rigorous mathematical model that describes the dynamic behaviour of the hydraulic components, represented by proportional valves and hydraulic cylinders. Based on this model, nonlinear differential equations are formulated that characterize the evolution of pressure, flow rate and actuator displacement velocity. While the numerical simulations can be performed for different operating conditions, including the variation of constructive parameters and control signals, the obtained results allow … (read more)

Implications of Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) in Reconfiguring the Contaminated Site Management Pedagogy
Authors: Bogdan V. CIORUȚA, Ioana-Elisabeta CIORUȚA, Mirela-Ana COMAN, Alexandru L. POP, Gabriela-Ionela HEREȘ

This paper analyses the pedagogical and practical valences of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) within the context of integrated management of contaminated sites and waste, a field characterized by high technical and decisional complexity. We propose a conceptual reference framework (CRF) based on a triad of digital competencies – cognitive, operative, and strategic – designed to transform the educational process from a passive information flow into an interactive and adaptive experience. The study explores how the integration of specialized software platforms facilitates the simulation of invisible physico-chemical processes, allowing learners to … (read more)